Department

Histopathology

Histopathology Department – National Institute of ENT

The Histopathology Department at the National Institute of ENT provides critical diagnostic services by examining tissue samples to identify disease processes, including infections, inflammation, and malignancies. This department plays a key role in the accurate diagnosis and management of ENT-related disorders, particularly those affecting the head and neck area.

Services and Activities

✅ Tissue Sample Examination

The Histopathology Department processes and examines tissue specimens obtained through biopsy or surgical procedures to identify abnormalities such as benign or malignant growths in the ear, nose, throat, and neck.
Commonly tested tissues include those from nasal polyps, tonsils, adenoids, sinus regions, and thyroid tissues.

✅ Cancer Diagnosis and Staging

Histopathology plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of cancers affecting the head and neck area, including laryngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and oral cancers.
The department identifies malignant cells, determines the type of cancer, and helps stage the cancer, assisting ENT surgeons in determining the appropriate course of treatment.

✅ Identification of Inflammatory Conditions

The department identifies inflammatory conditions that affect the head and neck region, such as chronic sinusitis, tonsillitis, adenoiditis, and autoimmune diseases.
By examining tissue samples, pathologists can detect chronic inflammation, infection, or immune responses that impact the ENT system.

✅ Infectious Disease Diagnosis

Infectious agents such as bacterial, viral, and fungal infections affecting ENT organs are diagnosed through the examination of tissue samples.
The department identifies pathogens in the tissues of the throat, sinuses, ears, and nasal cavities, providing critical information for effective treatment.

✅ Pre-surgical and Post-surgical Assessment

Histopathological examination is often performed pre-surgery to determine whether a mass or growth is cancerous or benign, and post-surgery to ensure complete removal of malignant tissues and evaluate surgical margins.
Pathologists provide detailed reports that guide surgical decisions and postoperative care.

✅ Advanced Staining Techniques

The department employs advanced staining techniques such as Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), immunohistochemistry, and special stains to provide accurate diagnosis of various ENT conditions.
These methods help in detecting specific cell markers or diseased cells that are not visible with regular staining, enhancing diagnostic precision.

✅ Molecular Testing and Genetic Analysis

The Histopathology Department is equipped to perform molecular testing and genetic analysis on tissue samples to detect genetic mutations, gene expression patterns, and molecular markers that influence the diagnosis of ENT cancers and other conditions.
This includes PCR-based testing and next-generation sequencing to identify specific genetic mutations associated with cancers like laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Collaborative Care and Support

The Histopathology Department works in close collaboration with ENT specialists, oncologists, and surgeons to provide critical diagnostic information for the effective management of ENT disorders. The findings from histopathological analyses guide clinical decisions related to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in cancer treatment, as well as antibiotic or anti-inflammatory therapies for infections and inflammations.

Goal of the Histopathology Department

The Histopathology Department at the National Institute of ENT is dedicated to providing accurate and timely tissue-based diagnoses, which are essential in the management of a variety of ENT disorders. By offering expert diagnostic services, the department ensures that patients receive appropriate treatment plans based on precise pathological findings, contributing to better health outcomes and quality of care.